مقاله ام در رابطه با ضرورت مداخله موثر و غیر
مستقیم خارجی در سوریه. استدلال این نوشتار بر این محور متمرکز است که تعلل در مداخله بشردوستانه هوشمندانه می
تواند تنها یک برنده داشته باشد: بنیادگرایان
Extremists and conquerors of Syria’s war?
By: Ahmad Hashemi
After 11 months of conflict and despite recent
progress made by the rebels, most parts of Syria are still under Assad’s rule.
It is true that the Free Syrian Army (FSA) is gaining increasing recognition,
and military and diplomatic strength, promising that a regime collapse is
nearing, yet, for a plenty of reasons, neither party is able to radically
change the current equation on the ground.
Although the rebels have been closing in on the
outskirts of Aleppo and Damascus, the real battle for the capital city has
barely begun, and the hard inner circle of the regime’s power has yet to be
fully engaged. To win the war, the rebels have to conquer the capital and
remove Assad from power, and the battle for Damascus could take months of
fierce street-to-street fighting before the rebels reach their final goal.
The European Union has almost recognized
Syria’s National Coalition, consisting of major opposition groups, as the
“legitimate representative” of the Syrian people, and the US, excluding
extremists such as al-Nusra Front, has done the same. Even Russia doesn’t rule
out the possibility of the rebels toppling Assad anymore. But all this doesn’t
necessarily mean the demise of Bashar Assad is imminent, smooth and easy.
As pressure on Assad mounts, the possibility of
dramatic surprises can also clearly not be excluded. Pushed into a corner,
Assad and his loyal army, mostly from the Alawite sect, could be convinced
that, for the sake of their community, it is time to use their last option and
resort to the use of WMDs, and this is why international intervention matters.
The world needs to financially and militarily
support the moderate factions within the opposition, and the current lack of
resolute determination to take action is horrendous because what is going on in
the battlefield is simply a futile war of attrition, and if no foreign concrete
assistance comes in favor of the opposition, it can’t win the war.
Exploiting this stalemate, religious extremists
would emerge as the sole winners of prolonged fighting, which has the potential
to turn into an all-out civil war. Recent indications of al-Qaida linked al-
Nusra extremists making progress and winning hearts and minds should be taken
seriously by the region and the world.
DESPITE HAVING made some significant advances,
the rebels lack the heavy weaponry required to launch an effective assault, and
the current impasse fuels the growth of extremist factions and jihadi groups
within the FSA, which are detrimental to regional stability and hostile to
freedom and democracy. Therefore, while a direct ground invasion needs to be
strictly avoided, a quick international intervention, coordinated with the FSA,
consisting of an effective and massive air strike to destroy government
infrastructure and disable Syria’s war machine, is imperative.
Such and intervention will serve several
purposes:
1. To deter Assad’s air force from using its
partially ready WMDs against rebels and even civilians. Only an effective and
crushing air strike targeting the Syrian air force can cripple its ability to
act. According to several sources, the Syrian air force is one of the largest
in the Middle East, composed of aircraft provided by Russia and missiles
acquired from Iran and North Korea. The Syrian military – believed to having
one of the largest arsenals of chemical weapons in the world – has loaded
chemical weapons into bombs and is preparing for orders from President Bashar
Assad to use them.
2. To thwart the ambitions of religious
extremists such as al-Qaida affiliate al-Nusra to take advantage of the chaos
created after the uprising to gain the upper hand by showing themselves to be
the real warriors on the ground.
3. To reduce anti-Western pessimism, rife among
the Syrian people and in the region as a whole, which escalated following the
indifference displayed by the US and EU vis-àvis the massacre of Syrian
civilians.
4. To set up a role model for other
democracy-thirsty nations in the Middle East, with Iran in the lead. This
support will, in particular, encourage Iranians to take to the streets and
boost their morale to defy despotism and tyranny and claim their democratic and
civil rights, dealing a blow to the ayatollah’s regime and its nuclear
ambitions.
Encouraged by North Korea’s defiance of
international warnings, the Islamic Republic is adamant about producing its
Islamic nuclear bomb – a term borrowed from Mohsen Rezaee, Iran’s former
Revolutionary Guards Corps commander, who coined the phrase in a private meeting
back in 2005 – in violation of its so-called IAEA obligations, as its
negotiating team buys time in reaching out to the world.
5. Prevent al-Qaida-linked foreign extremists,
mostly Sunni Arabs from Iraq, the Persian Gulf region and North Africa from
taking part at the war. A recent report by the United Nations Human Rights
Council clearly admits this influx has the potential to create a full-fledged
sectarian conflict in Syria. Iraqi Shi’ite militias and Hezbollah of Lebanon,
in coordination with their big brother, Iran, are increasingly engaging on
behalf of Assad. According to various sources, Lebanese and Iraqi Shi’ites and
Sunnis are already fighting a proxy war in Syria.
UNDOUBTEDLY, SYRIA’s fate, and that of Bashar
Assad should be decided through ballots, not bullets. Yet, fighting a
42-year-old dictatorship, the mainstream, moderate factions of the FSA need
support, in the form of sophisticated anti-aircraft and anti-armor weaponry, to
win the war. Otherwise, feeling abandoned by the world, the FSA will be forced
to choose the only available alternative.
Although the Syrian people tend to practice a
moderate form of Islam, living in peaceful coexistence within a framework of
tolerance and relative freedom compared to other Arab nations in the region, there
is no guarantee that they would not embrace radical Islam, if they have to, as
a last resort. The extremists know very well how to exploit complicated and
turbulent situations and display their lethal and inhumane ideology as a
savior, as they did 34 years ago in Iran.
TO REDUCE the pro-Assad forces’ resistance,
hearts and minds must be won. Besides Syria’s Christian minority, Alawites are
the most educated and indeed, the most needed sector for reshaping and
restructuring post-Assad Syria, and this sect needs to be ensured autonomy and
guaranteed internationally-backed security, free from persecution and likely
reprisals.
The world community should try to help Syria
not to go from bad to worse by falling into hand of extremists, but rather,
become a country like Libya – that is trying to observe democratic values –
creating friendly ties with the West and Israel and practicing democracy.
Syria shouldn’t become a failed country like
Somalia or another fundamentalist state sponsor of terrorism such as the
clerical thugocracy of Iran, both of which would be a nightmare for the region
and a hotbed for further violence, extremism, instability and terrorism in the
already violence-stricken Middle East.
WHILE THE wealthy, oil-rich Arab states have
the capacity and willingness to assume the costs of this regime change, they
should be warned to render only their military and financial support, not their
destructive Salafi and Wahabi ideology.
Israel needs to remain completely neutral, as
its engagement, in whatever form, would be controversial and do more harm than
good, giving the Syrian regime a pretext to turn the battle into an
Arab-Israeli issue with Bashar as the Arab champion.
The world community has to put more pressure on
Iraq, and tightly control and monitor the eastern Mediterranean region. Also,
Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki needs to adopt a more collaborative
approach in preventing the influx of weapons and jihadis into Syria. He needs
to understand the importance of preventing Iran from using Iraqi territory as a
transit route for Iranian weapons and IRGC members.
Turkey should be given a pivotal role,
logistically and militarily, since its conservative leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan
wishes to appear as another Caliph of the Muslim world in pursuit of his
Neo-Ottoman policies by having a major role in removing his fierce enemy.
In addition, the Turkey-Syria border is the
only practical route for any humanitarian intervention at least, because 1)
Erdogan is ready to do whatever it takes to see a once-close ally, Bashar
Assad, toppled and replaced with a likeminded Sunni-dominated conservative
political structure, 2) northern Syria is mostly controlled by the FSA and 3)
those areas are dominated by a Sunni population eager to establish a political
structure laid upon ideals of the Muslim Brotherhood, 4) the An- Nusayriyah
Mountains form a natural barrier running parellel to the coast between areas
largely populated by Alawites who are ready to fight for their survival on the
side of the regime, and the rest of Syria.
Therefore, the time has come to take
appropriate action. Because with the continuation of the current settings, as
the world watches this embarrassing tragedy, the radical jihadi groups are
gradually outnumbering moderates among the rebels, suggesting a protracted and
bloody struggle could well lie ahead, the final winner of which would be
radicalism.
The influx of foreigners raises the risk of
fighting spilling into neighboring countries riven by similar communal fault
lines.
Only effective assistance to the moderate
factions of the FSA rebels can reverse this gloomy process,
The writer is
a former Iranian foreign ministry employee, translator/ interpreter. He is
currently seeking political asylum in Turkey and works as a freelance
journalist.
